Our holistic life cycle analysis quantifies and evaluates the environmental impact of batteries and their materials. We considerthe entire value chain of batteries: From raw material extraction, through production and use, to end-of-life (recycling and/or disposal) and transportation. Our central research topic is the comparison of different battery technologies, such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion technology, in terms of their environmental impact, with a focus on the production of (active) materials, assembly of battery cells and their recycling.
Our techno-economic analysis of batteries, in contrast to a life cycle analysis, considers the economic aspects across the entire value chain. Other criteria such as electrochemical performance, market demand and scaling are also included in the analysis. We evaluate the economic viability and technical feasibility of batteries and their production across all battery technologies.
A variety of active and inactive materials are used in different battery technologies. The active materials (for anode and cathode) are decisive in terms of the overall cost of a battery. The global availability of raw materials and the intended application also play an important role in the selection of materials.