The project reviews key renewable technology options for island desalination, including solar photovoltaics, concentrating solar power, wind and ocean thermal energy conversion. For each renewable technology option, the project shows how the levelised costs of water compare with those of water desalinated with conventional fossil-fuelled technology. The project identifies key options for cost-effective application of renewable desalination technologies on islands, examines the barriers to introducing such options, and suggests best practices for overcoming these barriers.