Silicon Bottom Cells for Tandem Photovoltaics

In order to successfully bring tandem technology to the market, it makes sense to build on a mature technology which is well-established on the market. In the photovoltaic industry, the most established technology is the crystalline silicon solar cell. Due to its band gap properties, silicon solar cells are ideally fitted to function as the bottom cell in a tandem solar cell. However, the design criteria for a silicon bottom cell differs from those of a standard silicon cell. At Fraunhofer ISE, we have many years of experience in the development of silicon solar cells from the laboratory to industrialization stage. We effectively apply this know-how to develop and adapt silicon solar cells for tandem applications and create customer-specific solutions. 

Research & Development

Equipped with an excellent state-of-the-art infrastructure and many years of expertise, Fraunhofer ISE offers a wide range of R&D services to meet the challenges facing the development and optimization of suitable silicon bottom cells for tandem applications. We optimize cell designs with consideration to the particular requirements of silicon solar cells. Our R&D portfolio for tandem solar cells includes: 

Optimization of Light Trapping for Long Wavelength Photons

We use numerous surface structuring and conditioning methods ranging from the nanometer to the micrometer scale and have an extensive characterization measurement platform at our disposal. Our long-standing expertise ranges from the simulation of photonic structures up to the simulation of entire modules, e.g. Optos project.

Adaptation of Cell Structure for Monolithic Connection

We develop a wide variety of electrically conductive and passivating contact systems that enable loss-free charge transport between the partial cells.

Customized Solar Cell Prototypes

Due to the unique technology portfolio of our laboratories, we are able to offer our customers  many different possibilities to realize special solar cell prototypes, which we can optimize and adapt according to customer specifications.

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© Fraunhofer ISE
High temperture furnace for diffusion, oxidation and annealing up to M12 wafers possible.
Maskless aligner
© Fraunhofer ISE/Foto: Dirk Mahler
Maskless aligner for the photolithographic structuring of wafers for the fabrication of high-efficiency silicon and III-V solar cells.
© Fraunhofer ISE
Ion Implanter for the implantation of different doping species like B,BF2, H, Si and further elements.

Technology Assessment

Also in this area, we can provide our customers with reliable economic and technological assessments of their technology and cell concepts at a very early stage in the development process using our collective expertise. 

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Further information on this research topic:

R&D Infrastructure

Center for High Efficiency Solar Cells

R&D Infrastructure

PV-TEC – Photovoltaic Technology Evaluation Center

Research Topic

High-Efficiency Silicon Cell Fabrication and Analysis

Research Topic

Technology Assessment

Current Publications - Silicon Bottom Cells for Tandem Photovoltaics:

Jahr
Year
Titel/Autor:in
Title/Author
Publikationstyp
Publication Type
2023 Resource-efficient generation of large-area micro and nanostructures
Bläsi, Benedikt; Müller, Martina; Rossmeier, Harald
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 F&E Entwicklungen vom Si-Material bis zum Modul: Nachhaltig und hochproduktiv
Wolf, Andreas
Vortrag
Presentation
2023 Structuring of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells for reduced reflectance and thermalization losses
Callies, Adrian; Hanser, Mario; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Bläsi, Benedikt; Höhn, Oliver
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Silicon-based passivating contacts: The TOPCon route
Glunz, Stefan; Steinhauser, Bernd; Polzin, Jana-Isabelle; Luderer, Christoph; Grübel, Benjamin; Niewelt, Tim; Okasha, Asmaa; Bories, Mathias; Nagel, Henning; Krieg, Katrin; Feldmann, Frank; Richter, Armin; Bivour, Martin; Hermle, Martin
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Upscaling of Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Hermle, Martin; Goraya, Baljeet Singh; Nold, Sebastian; Schulze, Patricia
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Light trapping gratings for solar cells: An analytical period optimization approach
Bläsi, Benedikt; Hanser, Mario; Jäger, Klaus; Höhn, Oliver
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 PV Research in 2022: State of the Art and New Directions
Glunz, Stefan
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Calibration of metastable tandem solar cells
Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Reichmuth, Kasimir; Chojniak, David; Rauer, Michael; Schachtner, Michael; Siefer, Gerald
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Hyperuniform Disordered Structures for Light Trapping in Silicon Based Tandem Solar Cells
Höhn, Oliver; Hauser, Hubert; Mühlbach, Kai; Bläsi, Benedikt
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2022 Efficient Charge Carrier Extraction in Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Investigated by Numerical Simulation
Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Schön, Jonas; Würfel, Uli; Schulze, Patricia; Schubert, Martin; Bivour, Martin; Glunz, Stefan; Hermle, Martin
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2022 Light Trapping Gratings for Solar Cells: An Analytical Approach to Find the Best Periods
Bläsi, Benedikt; Hanser, Mario; Jäger, Klaus; Höhn, Oliver
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Two-terminal III-V//Si triple-junction solar cell with power conversion efficiency of 35.9 % at AM1.5g
Schygulla, Patrick; Müller, Ralph; Lackner, David; Höhn, Oliver; Hauser, Hubert; Bläsi, Benedikt; Predan, Felix; Benick, Jan; Hermle, Martin; Glunz, Stefan; Dimroth, Frank
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Hocheffiziente Solarzellen durch selektive Kontakte
Moldovan, A.; Ding, K.; Rau, U.; Peibst, R.; Korte, L.; Stannowski, B.
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2021 Tackling the Challenges for Industrialization of Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Goldschmidt, J.C.; Schulze, P.S.C.; Kabakli, Ö.S.; Bett, A.J.; Bivour, M.; Efinger, R.; Feldmann, F.; Fett, B.; Gerspacher, F.M.; Goraya, B.S.; Herbig, B.; Heydarian, M.; King, H.; Lange, S.; Luderer, C.; Messmer, C.; Nagel, H.; Naumann, V.; Nold, S.; Penn, M.; Reichel, C.; Schubert, M.C.; Romero Sierra, C.A.; Sittinger, V.; Tutsch, L.; Hermle, M.; Glunz, S.W.
Vortrag
Presentation
2021 Passivating Poly-Si Tunnel Junctions with Oxide-based Diffusion Barriers for Interconnection in Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells
Penn, M.; Luderer, C.; Reichel, C.; Goldschmidt, J.C.; Feldmann, F.; Bivour, M.; Hermle, M.
Vortrag
Presentation
2021 Optimizing Metal Grating Back Reflectors for III-V-on-Silicon Multijunction Solar Cells
Tillmann, P.; Bläsi, B.; Burger, S.; Hammerschmidt, M.; Höhn, O.; Becker, C.; Jäger, K.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Two-Terminal III-V//Si Triple-Junction Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency of 35.9 % at AM1.5g
Schygulla, P.; Müller, R.; Höhn, O.; Hauser, H.; Bläsi, B.; Predan, F.; Benick, J.; Hermle, M.; Dimroth, F.; Glunz, S.W.; Lackner, D.
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
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