Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISEThe field of metallization and patterning is very closely linked to all other areas within solar cell manufacture. Different processes can be used to print a range of media either onto the entire surface or in extremely precise patterns. By replacing silver with copper, it is possible to achieve high cell efficiencies and outstanding long-term stability while simultaneously reducing costs. Optical alignment systems enable patterns to be printed onto wafers with pinpoint accuracy, for example to manufacture interdigitated contact structures or selective emitters. The quantitative evaluation of process results is possible thanks to comprehensive characterization options.
Single-surface in-line copper deposition on silicon solar cells with lightinduced electroplating. #
© Achim Käflein
Metallization and Structuring
Tabbed contents#
Current publications - Metallization and Structuring:#
| Year | Title/Author | Document Type |
|---|---|---|
| 2018 | Bifacial p-type silicon shingle solar cells - the "pSPEER" concept
Baliozian, P.; Lohmüller, E.; Fellmeth, T.; Wöhrle, N.; Krieg, A.; Preu, R. | Journal Article |
| 2018 | Characterization of crystalline silicon solar cells under realistic operating conditions
Geisemeyer, Ino; Schubert, Martin (Betreuer); Willeke, Gerhard (1. Referent); Boneberg, Johannes (2. Referent) | Dissertation |
| 2018 | Excellent surface passivation quality using industrial-scale direct-plasma TOPCon deposition technology
Steinhauser, B.; Polzin, J.-I.; Feldmann, F.; Hermle, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2018 | Impact of solidification dynamics on crystal properties of silicon molten by a nanosecond laser pulse
Meyer, F.; Büchler, A.; Brand, A.A.; Dasa, M.K.; Nekarda, J.F.; Preu, R. | Journal Article |
| 2018 | Improvement of Solar Cell Efficiencies for Ultrashort-Pulse Laser Contact Opening with Ni-Cu Plated Contacts by Optimized LCO-FFO Processing Order
Arya, V.; Gutscher, S.; Kluska, S.; Meyer, F.; Cimiotti, G.; Nekarda, J.; Brand, A.A. | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Large Area TOPCon Technology Achieving 23.4% Efficiency
Steinhauser, B.; Feldmann, F.; Polzin, J.-I.; Tutsch, L.; Arya, V.; Grübel, B.; Fischer, A.; Moldovan, A.; Benick, J.; Richter, A.; Brand, A.A.; Kluska, S.; Hermle, M. | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Laser-Doped Selective Emitter - Process Development and Speed-Up
Weber, J.; Gutscher, S.; Lohmüller, S.; Lohmüller, E.; Brand, A.A. | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Novel mask-less plating metallization route for bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells
Hatt, Thibaud; Mehta, Vivek Pankaj; Bartsch, Jonas; Kluska, Sven; Jahn, Mike; Borchert, Dietmar; Glatthaar, Markus | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Optimized adhesion of plated silicon solar cell contacts by F2-based dry atmospheric pressure nano-roughening
Büchler, A.; Kafle, B.; Weber, J.; Meyer, F.; Brand, A.A.; Maier, A.; Hofmann, M.; Kluska, S.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2018 | Screen Printed Thick-Film Metallization of Silicon Solar Cells - Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Lorenz, A.; Linse, M.; Frintrup, H.; Jeitler, M.; Mette, A.; Lehner, M.; Greutmann, R.; Brocker, H.; König, M.; Erath, D.; Clement, F. | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Simulations on Laser-Phosphorous-Doped Selective Emitters
Weber, J.; Lohmüller, S.; Lohmüller, E.; Wasmer, S.; Nekarda, J.; Brand, A.A. | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Structuring of metal layers by electrochemical screen printing for back-contact solar cells
Kamp, M.; Efinger, R.; Gensowski, K.; Bechmann, S.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2018 | Towards 90% Bifaciality for p-Type Cz-Si Solar Cells by Adaption of Industrial PERC Processes
Lohmüller, E.; Lohmüller, S.; Norouzi, M.H.; Saint-Cast, P.; Weber, J.; Meier, S.; Wolf, A. | Conference Paper |
| 2018 | Trends in Solar Electricity: Presentation held at EuroSun, 12th International Conference on Solar Energy for Buildings and Industry 2018, Rapperswil, Switzerland, September 11th, 2018
Bett, A.W. | Presentation |
| 2017 | Bifacial p-type silicon PERL solar cells with screen-printed pure silver metallization and 89% bifaciality
Lohmüller, E.; Werner, S.; Norouzi, M.H.; Mack, S.; Demant, M.; Gutscher, S.; Saint-Cast, P.; Wasmer, S.; Wöhrle, N.; Bitnar, B.; Steckemetz, S.; Palinginis, P.; Neuhaus, H.; König, M.; Wolf, A. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Easy plating - a simple approach to suppress parasitically metallized areas in front side Ni/Cu plated crystalline Si solar cells
Kluska, S.; Büchler, A.; Bartsch, J.; Grübel, B.; Brand, A.A.; Gutscher, S.; Cimiotti, G.; Nekarda, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2017 | Easy plating - study on contact interface properties of parasitic plating-free Ni/Cu solar cells
Grübel, B.; Büchler, A.; Kluska, S.; Bartsch, J.; Cimiotti, G.; Brand, A.A.; Glatthaar, M. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Elektrochemische Druckprozesse zur Metallstrukturierung rückseitig kontaktierter Silicizm-Solarzellen
Bartsch, J.; Kamp, M.; Gensowski, K.; Efinger, R. | Book Article |
| 2017 | High throughput printing for highly efficient cost-effective Si solar cells
Clement, F.; Lorenz, A.; Pospischil, M.; Biro, D.; Brocker, H.; Bangel, D.; Greutmann, R.; Lehner, M.; Ott, T.; Hage, F.; Oppelt, K.; Honold, T.; Wende, L.; Ringel, M.; Senne, A.; Rohde, J.; Preu, R. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | How to Realize Solar Cells with Laser Structured Plated Ni-Cu-Contacts with Excellent Adhesion and High Fill-Factors without Parasitic Plating
Büchler, A.; Kluska, S.; Bartsch, J.; Grübel, B.; Brand, A.A.; Gutscher, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Interface oxides in femtosecond laser structured plated Ni-Cu-Ag contacts for silicon solar cells
Büchler, A.; Kluska, S.; Meyer, F.; Brand, A.A.; Cimiotti, G.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2017 | Key aspects for fabrication of p-type Cz-Si PERC solar cells exceeding 22% conversion efficiency
Werner, S.; Lohmüller, E.; Saint-Cast, P.; Greulich, J.M.; Weber, J.; Schmidt, S.; Moldovan, A.; Brand, A.A.; Dannenberg, T.; Mack, S.; Wasmer, S.; Demant, M.; Linse, M.; Ackermann, R.; Wolf, A.; Preu, R. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Laser transfer and firing of NiV seed layer for the metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells by Cu-plating
Rododfili, A.; Wolke, W.; Kroely, L.; Bivour, M.; Cimiotti, G.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Nekarda, J. | Journal Article |
| 2017 | Laser-transferred niv-seed for the metallization of silicon heterojunction solar cells by Cu-plating
Rodofili, A.; Wolke, W.; Kroely, L.; Bivour, M.; Cimiotti, G.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Nekarda, J. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Metallisation of boron-doped polysilicon layers by screen printed silver pastes
Mack, S.; Schube, J.; Fellmeth, T.; Feldmann, F.; Lenes, M.; Luchies, J.-M. | Journal Article |
| 2017 | Metallization of passivating and carrier selective contacts: Status and perspectives at Fraunhofer ISE
Bivour, M.; Bartsch, J.; Clement, F.; Cimiotti, G.; Erath, D.; Feldmann, F.; Fellmeth, T.; Glatthaar, M.; Hermle, M.; Jahn, M.; Kluska, S.; Keding, R.; Lorenz, A.; Lacmago Lontchi, I.-C.; Mack, S.; Moldovan, A.; Nekarda, J.; Pospischil, M.; Rodofili, A.; Rentsch, J.; Steinhauser, B.; Schube, J.; Wolke, W.; Preu, R.; Glunz, S.W. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | On the nature of emitter diffusion and screen-printing contact formation on nanostructured silicon surfaces
Kafle, B.; Freund, T.; Schön, J.; Werner, S.; Lorenz, A.; Wolf, A.; Saint-Cast, P.; Clochard, L.; Duffy, E.; Hofmann, M.; Rentsch, J. | Journal Article |
| 2017 | A parallel dispensing system for an improved front surface metallization of silicon solar cells
Pospischil, Maximilian; Biro, Daniel (Betreuer); Zengerle, R.; Willenbacher, N. | Dissertation |
| 2017 | Paste development for electrochemical screen printing to structure metal layers of back contact solar cells
Gensowski, K.; Kamp, M.; Efinger, R.; Klawitter, M.; Pospischil, M.; Eckert, J.; Bartsch, J. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Screen-printed metallization for p-Type poly-Si passivated contacts formed by LPCVD
Mack, S.; Fellmeth, T.; Schube, J.; Feldmann, F.; Lenes, M.; Luchies, J.R.M. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Self-aligned carrier-selective PEDOT:PSS contacts on optically highly transparent boron-emitters
Glatthaar, M.; Kafedjiska, I.; Cimiotti, G.; Bivour, M.; Hopman, S. | Journal Article |
| 2017 | Suitability of POCL3 diffusion processes with in-situ oxidation for forming laser-doped selective emitters with low carrier recombination
Werner, S.; Lohmüller, E.; Weber, J.; Wolf, A. | Conference Paper |
| 2017 | Ultrafast in-line capable regeneration process for preventing light induced degradation of boron-doped p-type Cz-silicon PERC solar cells
Brand, A.; Krauß, K.; Wild, P.; Schörner, S.; Gutscher, S.; Roder, S.; Rein, S.; Nekarda, J. | Conference Paper |
| 2016 | Adhesion quality of evaporated aluminum layers on passivation layers for rear metallization of silicon solar cells
Kumm, J.; Hartmann, P.; Eberlein, D.; Wolf, A. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Analysis of Al diffusion processes in TiN barrier layers for the application in silicon solar cell metallization
Kumm, J.; Samadi, H.; Chacko, R.V.; Hartmann, P.; Wolf, A. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Efficiency increase of crystalline silicon solar cells with nanoimprinted rear side gratings for enhanced light trapping
Eisenlohr, J.; Tucher, N.; Hauser, H.; Graf, M.; Benick, J.; Bläsi, B.; Goldschmidt, J.C.; Hermle, M. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Enabling Solderability of PVD Al Rear Contacts on High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Wet Chemical Treatment
Nagel, H.; Kamp, M.; Eberlein, D.; Kraft, A.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Conference Paper |
| 2016 | Flexo-printed busbarless solar cells for multi-wire interconnection
Lorenz, A.; Gredy, C.; Senne, A.; Beyer, S.; Yao, Y.; Papet, P.; Ufheil, J.; Reinecke, H. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Flexographic printing - towards an advanced front side metallization approach with high throughput and low silver consumption
Lorenz, A.; Gredy, C.; Beyer, S.; Yao, Y.; Papet, P.; Ufheil, J.; Senne, A.; Reinecke, H.; Clement, F. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | High-efficiency n-type silicon solar cells: Advances in PassDop technology and NiCu plating on boron emitter
Steinhauser, B.; Kamp, M.; Brand, A.A.; Jäger, U.; Bartsch, J.; Benick, J.; Hermle, M. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Impact of Firing Temperature Profiles on Local BSF Formation in PERC Solar Cells
Mack, S.; Richter, P.; Werner, S.; Clement, F.; Wolf, A. | Conference Paper |
| 2016 | Influence of surface near doping concentration on contact formation of silver thick film contacts
Rothhardt, P.; Meier, S.; Hoenig, R.; Wolf, A.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Long-Term Stability Evaluation of Copper-Containing Contacts on Cell and Module Level
Kluska, S. | Conference Paper |
| 2016 | Optimizing Adhesion of Laser Structured Plated Ni-Cu Contacts with Insights from Micro Characterization
Büchler, A.; Kluska, S.; Bartsch, J.; Cimiotti, G.; Brand, A.A.; Schubert, M.C.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Status of FolMet Technology: How to Produce PERC Cells More Cheaply than Al-BSF Cells
Nekarda, J.; Graf, M.; John, O.; Nold, S.; Nagel, H.; Eberlein, D.; Kraft, A.; Böhme, R.; Streek, A.; Preu, R. | Journal Article |
| 2016 | Ultrathin titanium dioxide nanolayers by atomic layer deposition for surface passivation of crystalline silicon
Gad, K.M.; Vössing, D.; Richter, A.; Rayner, B.; Reindl, L.M.; Mohney, S.E.; Kasemann, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Analysis and performance of dispensed and screen printed front side contacts at cell and module level
Rodriguez, C.; Pospischil, M.; Padilla, A.; Kuchler, M.; Klawitter, M.; Geipel, T.; Padilla, M.; Fellmeth, T.; Brand, A.; Efinger, R.; Linse, M.; Gentischer, H.; König, M.; Hörteis, M.; Wende, L.; Doll, O.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Conference Paper |
| 2015 | Characterization of copper diffusion in silicon solar cells: 5th Workshop on Metallization of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells 2014, Konstanz, Germany, 20.10.2014-21.10.2014
Kraft, A.; Wolf, C.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Combined Microstructural and Electrical Characterization of Metallization Layers in Industrial Solar Cells
Kumar, P.; Willsch, B.; Dürrschnabel, M.; Aabdin, Z.; Hönig, R.; Peranio, N.; Clement, F.; Biro, D.; Eibl, O. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Design Rules for Solar Cells with Plated Metallization
Cimiotti, G.; Bartsch, J.; Kraft, A.; Mondon, A.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Dispensing Technology on the Route to an Industrial Metallization Process
Pospischil, M.; Kuchler, M.; Klawitter, M.; Rodriguez, C.; Padilla, M.; Efinger, R.; Linse, M.; Padilla, A.; Gentischer, H.; König, M.; Hörteis, M.; Wende, L.; Doll, O.; Zengerle, R.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Plated Ni/Cu Contacts for Si Solar Cells
Kluska, S.; Bartsch, J.; Büchler, A.; Cimiotti, G.; Brand, A.A.; Hopman, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Electrical properties of the rear contact structure of MWT silicon solar cells
Lohmüller, E.; Thanasa, M.; Thaidigsmann, B.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Electrochemical contact separation for PVD aluminum back contact solar cells
Kamp, M.; Maywald, A.; Bartsch, J.; Efinger, R.; Keding, R.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W.; Krossing, I. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Evaluation of flexographic printing technology for multi-busbar solar cells
Lorenz, A.; Senne, A.; Rohde, J.; Kroh, S.; Wittenberg, M.; Krüger, K.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Foil metallization process for PERC solar cells towards industrial feasibility
Graf, M.; Eberlein, D.; Nagel, H.; Nekarda, J.; Böhme, R.; Streek, A.; Preu, R. | Conference Paper |
| 2015 | Impact of boron doping profiles on the specific contact resistance of screen printed Ag-Al contacts on silicon
Lohmüller, E.; Werner, S.; Hoenig, R.; Greulich, J.; Clement, F. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Impact of texture roughness on the front-side metallization of stencil-printed silicon solar cells
Lorenz, A.; Strauch, T.; Demant, M.; Fellmeth, T.; Barnes Hofmeister, T.; Linse, M.; Dannenberg, T.; Seiffe, J.; Clement, F.; Biro, D.; Reinecke, H.; Preu, R. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Influence of random pyramid surface texture on silver screen-printed contact formation for monocrystalline silicon wafer solar cells
Khanna, A.; Basu, P.; Filipovic, A.; Shanmugam, V.; Schmiga, C.; Aberle, A.; Müller, T. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Investigation of acetic acid corrosion impact on printed solar cell contacts
Kraft, A.; Labusch, L.; Ensslen, T.; Durr, I.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.; Reinecke, H. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Long term stability of copper front side contacts for crystalline silicon solar cells
Kraft, A.; Wolf, C.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Long-term and annealing stable, solderable PVD metallization with optimized Al diffusion barrier
Kumm, J.; Chacko, R.V.; Samadi, H.; Hartmann, P.; Eberlein, D.; Jäger, U.; Wolf, A. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Manufacturing 100-µm-thick silicon solar cells with efficiencies greater than 20% in a pilot production line
Terheiden, B.; Ballmann, T.; Horbelt, R.; Schiele, Y.; Seren, S.; Ebser, J.; Hahn, G.; Mertens, V.; Koentopp, M.B.; Scherff, M.; Müller, J.W.; Holman, Z.C.; Descoeudres, A.; Wolf, S. de; Nicolas, S.M. de; Geissbuehler, J.; Ballif, C.; Weber, B.; Saint-Cast, P.; Rauer, M.; Schmiga, C.; Glunz, S.W.; Morrison, D.J.; Devenport, S.; Antonelli, D.; Busto, C.; Grasso, F.; Ferrazza, F.; Tonelli, E.; Oswald, W. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Overcoming Electrical and Mechanical Challenges of Continuous Wave Laser Processing for Ni-Cu Plated Solar Cells
Geisler, C.; Hördt, W.; Kluska, S.; Mondon, A.; Hopman, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Passivation-induced cavity defects in laser-doped selective emitter Si solar cells - formation model and recombination analysis
Geisler, C.; Kluska, S.; Hopman, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Progress on industrial solar cell front side metallization by parallel dispensing technology
Pospischil, M.; Kuchler, M.; Klawitter, M.; Efinger, R.; Rodriguez, C.; Padilla, A.; Gentischer, H.; König, M.; Hörteis, M.; Wende, L.; Mette, A.; Clement, F.; Preu, R.; Biro, D. | Conference Paper |
| 2015 | Quantification of Front Side Metallization Area on Silicon Wafer Solar Cells for Background Plating Detection
Heinrich, M.; Lieder, M.; Hoex, B.; Aberle, A.G.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2015 | Tunnel oxide passivated contacts formed by ion implantation for applications in silicon solar cells
Reichel, C.; Feldmann, F.; Müller, R.; Reedy, R.C.; Lee, B.G.; Young, D.L.; Stradins, P.; Hermle, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | 21.8% efficient n-type solar cells with industrially feasible plated metallization
Bartsch, J.; Kamp, M.; Hartleb, D.; Wittich, C.; Mondon, A.; Steinhauser, B.; Feldmann, F.; Richter, A.; Benick, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Hermle, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Accurate potential drop sheet resistance measurements of laser-doped areas in semiconductors
Heinrich, M.; Kluska, S.; Binder, S.; Hameiri, Z.; Hoex, B.; Aberle, A.G. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Advanced metallization concepts for p-type silicon Metal-Wrap-Through (MWT) solar cells
Hendrichs, M.; Thaidigsmann, B.; Lohmüller, E.; Nold, S.; Clement, F.; Biro, D.; Rech, B.; Preu, R. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Analytical investigation of aerosol jet printing
Binder, S.; Glatthaar, M.; Rädlein, E. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Contacting bare silicon solar cells with advanced cell metallisation
Geisemeyer, I.; Kallies, C.; Hohl-Ebinger, J.; Warta, W. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Continuous wave laser processing for electrical and mechanical stable solar cells with Ni-Cu metallization
Geisler, C.; Hördt, W.; Kluska, S.; Mondon, A.; Hopman, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Developing a high throughput metallization approach for silicon solar cells based on flexographic printing
Lorenz, A.; Kalio, A.; Barnes Hofmeister, T.; Kroh, S.; Kraft, A.; Bartsch, J.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Developing a high throughput printing technology for silicon solar cell front side metallisation using flexography
Lorenz, A.; Kalio, A.; Hofmeister, T.B.; Kraft, A.; Bartsch, J.; Clement, F.; Reinecke, H.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Failure mechanisms for solar cells with laser doped selective emitter and plated Ni-Cu metal contacts
Hördt, W.; Geisler, C.; Hopman, S.; Bartsch, J.; Mondon, A.; Glatthaar, M.; Kluska, S. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Inkjet-printing for maskless separation of metal structures for back-contact silicon solar cells
Stüwe, D.; Hartmann, P.; Keding, R.; Thaidigsmann, B.; Clement, F.; Prokopiak, S.; Fastnacht, P.; Jesswein, R.; Geppert, T.; Woehl, R.; Korvink, J.G.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Investigation of Salicide Process from Sputtered Nickel on Structured SiNx ARC for Mono-Crystalline Si Solar Cells
Jambaldinni, S.; Bartsch, J.; Mondon, A.; Kluska, S.; Padilla, M.; Büchler, A.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Long term stability analysis of copper front side metallization for silicon solar cells
Kraft, A.; Wolf, C.; Lorenz, A.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Micro characterization and imaging of spikes in nickel plated solar cells
Büchler, A.; Kluska, S.; Brand, A.; Geisler, C.; Hopman, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Micro characterization of laser structured solar cells with plated Ni-Ag contacts
Kluska, S.; Fleischmann, C.; Büchler, A.; Hördt, W.; Geisler, C.; Hopman, S.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Microscopic origin of the aluminium assisted spiking effects in n-type silicon solar cells
Heinz, F.D.; Breitwieser, M.; Gundel, P.; König, M.; Hörteis, M.; Warta, W.; Schubert, M.C. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Microstructure analysis of the interaction between watts-type nickel electrolyte and screen printed solar cell contacts
Kraft, A.; Pernia, Y.; Ni, L.; Filipovic, A.; Hähnel, A.; Graff, A.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Nanometallic silver inks for metallization of ITO-coated silicon solar cells. Influence of organic components
Gautrein, A.; Schmiga, C.; Glatthaar, M.; Tremel, W.; Glunz, S.W. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Nanoscale Investigation of the Interface Situation of Plated Nickel and Thermally Formed Nickel Silicide for Silicon Solar Cell Metallization
Mondon, A.; Wang, D.; Zuschlag, A.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Next generation printing technologies for fine-line metallization of Si solar cells: Paper presented at 6th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion 2014, Kyoto, Japan, 23.11.2014-27.11.2014
Clement, F.; Pospischil, M.; Lorenz, A.; Linse, M.; Erath, D.; Kuchler M.; Klawitter, M.; Spribille, A.; Hoenig, R.; Efinger, R.; Fellmeth, T.; Biro, D. | Presentation |
| 2014 | Optimized aerosol jet printed silver contacts on lowly doped phosporous and boron emitters
Binder, S.; Schmiga, C.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Plated Nickel-Copper contacts on c-Si. From microelectronic processing to cost effective silicon solar cell production
Mondon, A.; Bartsch, J.; Kamp, M.; Brand, A.; Steinhauser, B.; Bay, N.; Horzel, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Plating processes on aluminium and application to novel solar cell concepts
Kamp, M.; Bartsch, J.; Keding, R.; Jahn, M.; Müller, R.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W.; Krossing, I. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Progress in laser-based foil metallization for industrial PERC solar cells
Graf, M.; Nekarda, J.; Eberlein, D.; Woehrle, N.; Preu, R.; Böhme, R.; Grosse, T. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Recombination characteristics of p+ regions alloyed from screen-printed aluminum pastes containing boron additives
Rauer, M.; Steinkemper, H.; Schmiga, C.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Conference Paper |
| 2014 | Synthesis of a lead- and particle-free metal-organic Ink for front side metallization of crystalline silicon solar cells
Tamari, Y.; Gautrein, A.; Schmiga, C.; Binder, S.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2014 | Zincate processes for silicon solar cell metallization
Kamp, M.; Bartsch, J.; Cimiotti, G.; Keding, R.; Zogaj, A.; Reichel, C.; Kalio, A.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Alloying from screen-printed aluminum pastes containing boron additives
Rauer, M.; Schmiga, C.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Co-diffused back-contact back-junction silicon solar cells without gap regions
Keding, R.; Stüwe, D.; Kamp, M.; Reichel, C.; Wolf, A.; Woehl, R.; Borchert, D.; Reinecke, H.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Comparison of cleaning processes for enabling solderability of LFC-PERC silicon solar cells with evaporated Al as rear side metallization
Samadi, H.; Kumm, J.; Eberlein, D.; Hartmann, P.; Wolf, A.; Mack, S. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Cost-optimized metallization layout for metal wrap through (MWT) solar cells and modules
Hendrichs, M.; Thaidigsmann, B.; Fellmeth, T.; Nold, S.; Spribille, A.; Herrmann, P.; Mittag, M.; Hädrich, I.; Eitner, U.; Clement, F.; Biro, D.; Preu, R. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Current trends in c-Si PV front-side metallization
Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Kraft, A.; Mondon, A.; Lorenz, A.; Sutor, L.; Nold, S.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Development of a high-throughput fine line metallization process using CFD-simulation
Pospischil, M.; Klawitter, M.; Kuchler, M.; Specht, J.; Gentischer, H.; Efinger, R.; König, M.; Hörteis, M.; Mohr, C.; Wende, L.; Lossen, J.; Weiss, M.; Doll, O.; Köhler, I.; Zengerle, R.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Development of temperature-stable, solderable PVD rear metallization for industrial silicon solar cells
Kumm, J.; Samadi, H.; Hartmann, P.; Nold, S.; Wolf, A.; Wolke, W. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Etching of PVD metal layers for contact separation of back contact silicon solar cells using inkjet-printing
Stüwe, D.; Hartmann, P.; Keding, R.; Clement, F.; Woehl, R.; Biro, D.; Fastnacht, P.; Jesswein, R.; Geppert, T.; Prokopiak, S.; Korvink, J.G. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Evaluation of industrially relevant parameters for contact firing of screen printed front side silver contacts
Hönig, R.; Vössing, D.; Clement, F.; Biro, D.; Preu, R.; Wilde, J. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Fine-line silver pastes for seed layer screen printing with varied glass content
Olweya, S.; Kalio, A.; Kraft, A.; Deront, E.; Filipovic, A.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Fire-through contacts - a new approach to contact the rear side of passivated silicon solar cells
Thaidigsmann, Benjamin; Kick, Christopher; Drews, Andreas; Clement, Florian; Wolf, Andreas; Biro, Daniel | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Flexographic printing - high throughput technology for fine line seed layer printing on silicon solar cells
Lorenz, A.; Kalio, A.; Hofmeister, G.; Nold, S.; Kraft, A.; Bartsch, J.; Wolf, D.; Dreher, M.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Influence of the chemicals used in Nickel and Copper plating solutions on the adhesion of screen-printed silver contacts
Kraft, A.; Ni, L.; Kalio, A.; Moldovan, A.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Investigation of methods for adhesion characterization of evaporated aluminum layers
Kumm, J.; Eberlein, D.; Hartmann, P.; Wolke, W.; Wolf, A.; Preu, R. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Laser-based foil metallization for industrial PERC solar cells
Nekarda, J.; Graf, M.; Rodofili, A.; Preu, R.; Böhme, R.; Sontag, D. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Microstructure analysis of the interface situation and adhesion of thermally formed nickel silicide for plated nickel-copper contacts on silicon solar cells
Mondon, A.; Jawaid, M.N.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | The nature of screen printed front side silver contacts - results of the Project MikroSol
Hönig, R.; Dürrschnabel, M.; Mierlo, W. van; Aabdin, Z.; Bernhard, J.; Biskupek, J.; Eibl, O.; Kaiser, U.; Wilde, J.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Nickel-plated front contacts for front and rear emitter silicon solar cells
Rauer, M.; Mondon, A.; Schmiga, C.; Bartsch, J.; Glatthaar, M.; Glunz, S.W. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | A novel approach to high performance and cost effective surface cleaning for high efficiency solar cells
Moldovan, A.; Zimmer, M.; Rentsch, J.; Ferstl, B.; Rajagopalan, B.; Thate, S.; Hoogboom, J.; Ross, M. | Conference Paper |
| 2013 | Process development for a high-throughput fine line metallization approach based on dispensing technology
Pospischil, M.; Klawitter, M.; Kuchler, M.; Specht, J.; Gentischer, H.; Efinger, R.; Kroner, C.; Luegmair, M.; König, M.; Hörteis, M.; Mohr, C.; Wende, L.; Lossen, J.; Weiß, M.; Doll, O.; Koehler, I.; Zengerle, R.; Clement, F.; Biro, D. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Recombination and microstructural properties of soldering pads and their impact on solar cell performance
Krauß, K.; Fertig, F.; Rein, S. | Journal Article |
| 2013 | Study of contact formation of printed contacts through different passivation layers on lowly doped emitters
Kalio, A.; Richter, A.; Glatthaar, M.; Wilde, J. | Journal Article |
This publication list has been generated from the publication database Fraunhofer-Publica.