Perovskite Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics

Perovskite silicon tandem solar cells promise to reduce electricity generation costs and lower resource consumption compared to conventional silicon solar cells. The perovskite solar cell is deposited directly onto the silicon solar cell in a tandem stack. Since the perovskite semiconductor has a higher energy band gap than silicon, the perovskite solar cell can utilize high-energy photons better than the silicon solar cell. In turn, the silicon solar cell can efficiently use the low-energy photons, which are transmitted through the perovskite solar cell. The overall efficiency increases and efficiencies of over 30% are possible.

Highlights

  • 28.9% efficiency for perovskite silicon tandem solar cell with stable perovskite absorber with high band gap. Efficiency is rapidly increasing.
  • Detailed cost calculations show potential cost advantage for perovskite silicon tandem solar cells in the future
  • Fraunhofer lead project "MaNiTU"for the development of lead-free perovskite silicon tandem solar cells
  • Building a technology platform for scaling perovskite silicon tandems to full wafers.

Research & Development

© Fraunhofer ISE

As part of the »Presto« project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK), Fraunhofer ISE was able to achieve high efficiencies using scalable methods for perovskite silicon tandem solar cells. The silicon solar cell was an a-Si/c-Si heterojunction solar cell textured on both sides. A layer of indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) served as the electrical connection to the perovskite solar cell. A very thin layer of an organic hole conductor was deposited on this, followed by the perovskite absorber. With the absorber compound FA0.75Cs0.25Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 we could achieve an optimal band gap of 1.68 eV and a high stability. 

In the Fraunhofer lead project »MaNiTU« we are now further developing this technology with the aim of achieving even higher efficiencies. In addition, we are researching lead-free alternatives for the absorber and for optimizing the contact and intermediate layers. Initial analyses of the life cycle already indicate major ecological added value. Among other things, this is due to the fact that the layers of the perovskite solar cell are very thin and the higher efficiency significantly reduces the CO2 footprint for generating one kilowatt hour of electricity.

 

Working at the glove box on an evaporation mask for metal contacts on perovskite solar cells
© Fraunhofer ISE/Foto: Dirk Mahler
Working at the glove box on an evaporation mask for metal contacts on perovskite solar cells.

The situation is similar for the electricity generation costs: The production of the additional layers for the perovskite solar cell is prospectively possible at very low costs. Overall, the efficiency increases significantly and the cost per kWh of electricity generation decreases. In a detailed cost analysis, we found that perovskite silicon tandem solar cells are particularly promising for rooftop and other applications with area constraints. Aside from this, they promise a significant cost advantage over single-junction silicon solar cells, assuming that perovskite technology stays on track and reaches a level where the efficiency of industrial-scale tandem solar cells exceeds 30% in the near future. The aim is to implement cost-effective processes and make the lifetime of the modules comparable to that of silicon.

Further Information on this Research Topic:

R&D Infrastructure

Center for High Efficiency Solar Cells

Research Project

PersiST

Fraunhofer Lighthouse Project

»MaNiTU«

Current Publications - Perovskite Silicon Tandem Photovoltaics

Jahr
Year
Titel/Autor:in
Title/Author
Publikationstyp
Publication Type
2023 Resource-efficient generation of large-area micro and nanostructures
Bläsi, Benedikt; Müller, Martina; Rossmeier, Harald
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Insights into perovskite film formation using the hybrid evaporation/spin-coating route: An in situ XRD study
Er-Raji, Oussama; Rustam, Lina; Kore, Bhushan; Glunz, Stefan; Schulze, Patricia
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Maximizing Current Density in Monolithic Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Heydarian, Minasadat; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Bett, Alexander J.; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Chojniak, David; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Tutsch, Leonard; Bivour, Martin; Siefer, Gerald; Schubert, Martin; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Hermle, Martin; Glunz, Stefan; Schulze, Patricia
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Spectrometric Characterization of Monolithic Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Bett, Alexander J.; Chojniak, David; Schachtner, Michael; Reichmuth, Kasimir; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Schulze, Patricia; Fischer, Oliver; Schindler, Florian; Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Siefer, Gerald; Schubert, Martin
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Structuring of perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells for reduced reflectance and thermalization losses
Callies, Adrian; Hanser, Mario; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Bläsi, Benedikt; Höhn, Oliver
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Spectrometric Determination of Current Matching in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Bett, Alexander J.; Chojniak, David; Schachtner, Michael; Reichmuth, Kasimir; Schulze, Patricia; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Heydarian, Minasadat; King, Hunter; Sittinger, Volker; Schindler, Florian; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Siefer, Gerald; Bett, Andreas W.; Schubert, Martin
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2023 Tuning Crystallization for Highly Efficient Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Mahmoud, Mohamed Abdelaziz Abdelnaby; Er-Raji, Oussama; Schulze, Patricia; Borchert, Anna Juliane; Bett, Andreas W.
Vortrag
Presentation
2023 Upscaling of Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Hermle, Martin; Goraya, Baljeet Singh; Nold, Sebastian; Schulze, Patricia
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Understanding Contact Nonuniformities at Interfaces in Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Using Luminescence Imaging, Lock-In Thermography, and 2D/3D Simulations
Fischer, Oliver; Fell, Andreas; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Efinger, Raphael; Schindler, Florian; Glunz, Stefan; Schubert, Martin
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 LED Solar Simulators - A Spectral Adjustment Procedure for Tandem Solar Cells
Chojniak, David; Bett, Alexander J.; Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Reichmuth, Kasimir; Schachtner, Michael; Siefer, Gerald
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2023 Monolithic Two-Terminal Perovskite/Perovskite/Silicon Triple-Junction Solar Cells with Open Circuit Voltage > 2.8 V
Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Heydarian, Minasadat; Bett, Alexander J.; Bivour, Martin; Schindler, Florian; Hermle, Martin; Schubert, Martin; Schulze, Patricia; Borchert, Anna Juliane; Glunz, Stefan
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2023 Roller Nanoimprinted Honeycomb Texture as an Efficient Antireflective Coating for Perovskite Solar Cells
Krajewski, Maciej; Callies, Adrian; Heydarian, Minasadat; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Hanser, Mario; Schulze, Patricia; Bläsi, Benedikt; Höhn, Oliver
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Nanopatterning of Perovskite Thin Films for Enhanced and Directional Light Emission
Muscarella, Loreta A.; Cordaro, Andrea; Krause, Georg; Pal, Debapriya; Grimaldi, Gianluca; Antony, Leo Sahaya Daphne; Langhorst, David; Callies, Adrian; Bläsi, Benedikt; Höhn, Oliver; Koenderink, A. Femius; Polman, Albert
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Impact of lateral effects on large scale perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell performance
Reichmuth, Kasimir
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Plated Copper Electrodes for Two-Terminal Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Hatt, Thibaud; Schulze, Patricia; Er-Raji, Oussama; Richter, Armin; Efinger, Raphael; Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Heydarian, Minasadat; Tutsch, Leonard; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Glatthaar, Markus; Glunz, Stefan; Bartsch, Jonas
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Combining drift-diffusion and equivalent-circuit models for efficient 3D tandem solar cell simulations
Fell, Andreas; Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Schubert, Martin; Glunz, Stefan
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 A novel recycling method for encapsulated perovskite mesoscopic photovoltaic devices with minimal performance loss
Bogachuk, Dmitry; Windt, Peter van der; Martineau, David; Narbey, Stephanie; Verma, Anand; Zouhair, Salma; Hinsch, Andreas; Kohlstädt, Markus; Wagner, Lukas
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Optimized Front TCO and Metal Grid Electrode for module-integrated Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar cells
Messmer, C.; Tutsch, L.; Pingel, S.; Erath, D.; Schön, J.; Fell, A.; Goldschmidt, J.C.; Goraya, B.S.; Clement, F.; Lorenz, A.; Nold, S.; Bivour, M.; Glunz, S.W.; Hermle, M.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Monolithic 2-Terminal Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Schulze, Patricia; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Heydarian, Minasadat; Er-Raji, Oussama; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Efinger, Raphael; Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Fischer, Oliver; Bett, Alexander J.; Tutsch, Leonard; Pingel, Sebastian; Schubert, Martin; Hatt, Thibaud; Erath, Denis; Bivour, Martin; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Glunz, Stefan; Hermle, Martin
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Light trapping gratings for solar cells: An analytical period optimization approach
Bläsi, Benedikt; Hanser, Mario; Jäger, Klaus; Höhn, Oliver
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Tuning Perovskite Crystallization in the Hybrid Route
Mahmoud, Mohamed Abdelaziz Abdelnaby; Schulze, Patricia; Bett, Andreas W.; Er-Raji, Oussama
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Complex refractive indices of Spiro-TTB and C60 for optical analysis of perovskite silicon tandem solar cells
Sittinger, Volker; Schulze, Patricia; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Pflug, Andreas; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Upscaling of Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Schulze, Patricia; Er-Raji, Oussama; Efinger, Raphael; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Mc Mullin, Kaitlyn; Fischer, Oliver; Bett, Alexander J.; Erath, Denis; Pingel, Sebastian; Heitmann, Ulrike; Kiaee, Zohreh; Kohlstädt, Markus; Kore, Bhushan; Nagel, Henning; Schubert, Martin; Bivour, Martin; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Borchert, Anna Juliane; Hermle, Martin; Glunz, Stefan
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2022 Monolithic 2-Terminal Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Schulze, Patricia; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; McMullin, Kaitlyn; Heydarian, Minasadat; Er-Raji, Oussama; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Efinger, Raphael; Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Bett, Alexander J.; Fischer, Oliver; Tutsch, Leonard; Erath, Denis; Pingel, Sebastian; Hatt, Thibaud; Schubert, Martin; Bivour, Martin; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Hermle, Martin; Glunz, Stefan
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Monolithic 2-Terminal Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Schulze, Patricia; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Bivour, Martin; Heydarian, Minasadat; Er-Raji, Oussama; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Efinger, Raphael; Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Bett, Alexander J.; Fischer, Oliver; Tutsch, Leonard; Erath, Denis; Pingel, Sebastian; Hatt, Thibaud; Schubert, Martin; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Hermle, Martin; Glunz, Stefan
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Calibration of metastable tandem solar cells
Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Reichmuth, Kasimir; Chojniak, David; Rauer, Michael; Schachtner, Michael; Siefer, Gerald
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 TCO and Grid Electrodes for Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells: Basic Considerations and Upscaling Aspects
Messmer, Christoph; Tutsch, Leonard; Pingel, Sebastian; Schön, Jonas; Fell, Andreas; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Goraya, Baljeet Singh; Clement, Florian; Lorenz, Andreas; Nold, Sebastian; Bivour, Martin; Hermle, Martin
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2022 Stable, cost-effective, sustainable and recyclable perovskite photovoltaics using carbon-based electrodes
Bogachuk, Dmitry; Wagner, Lukas; Windt, Peter Van Der; Martineau, David; Zouhair, Salma; Hinsch, Andreas
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 How to make perovskite photovoltaic devices stable under reverse bias
Bogachuk, Dmitry; Wagner, Lukas; Martineau, David; Zouhair, Salma; Hinsch, Andreas
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Impact of Lateral Effects on EQE Measurements of Large Scale Tandem Solar Cells
Reichmuth, Kasimir; Fell, Andreas; Siefer, Gerald; Schachtner, Michael; Chojniak, David; Fischer, Oliver; Mühleis, Matthias; Rauer, Michael; Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Schubert, Martin C.
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2022 Plated Copper Electrodes for Two-Terminal Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Hatt, Thibaud; Schulze, Patricia; Er-Raji, Oussama; Richter, Armin; Schultz-Wittmann, Oliver; Efinger, Raphael; Tutsch, Leonard; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Kluska, Sven; Glatthaar, Markus; Bartsch, Jonas; Glunz, Stefan
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Spectrometric Determination of Current Matching in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Bett, Alexander J.; Chojniak, David; Schachtner, Michael; Reichmuth, Kasimir; Schulze, Patricia; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Schindler, Florian; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; King, Hunter; Sittinger, Volker; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Hohl-Ebinger, Jochen; Siefer, Gerald; Bett, Andreas W.; Schubert, Martin
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Photonic Thin Film Annealing Processes for Solar Cells
Münzer, Anna
Vortrag
Presentation
2022 Efficient Charge Carrier Extraction in Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Investigated by Numerical Simulation
Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Schön, Jonas; Würfel, Uli; Schulze, Patricia; Schubert, Martin; Bivour, Martin; Glunz, Stefan; Hermle, Martin
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2021 Tackling the Challenges for Industrialization of Perovskite Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Goldschmidt, J.C.; Schulze, P.S.C.; Kabakli, Ö.S.; Bett, A.J.; Bivour, M.; Efinger, R.; Feldmann, F.; Fett, B.; Gerspacher, F.M.; Goraya, B.S.; Herbig, B.; Heydarian, M.; King, H.; Lange, S.; Luderer, C.; Messmer, C.; Nagel, H.; Naumann, V.; Nold, S.; Penn, M.; Reichel, C.; Schubert, M.C.; Romero Sierra, C.A.; Sittinger, V.; Tutsch, L.; Hermle, M.; Glunz, S.W.
Vortrag
Presentation
2021 High-Efficiency Monolithic Photosupercapacitors: Smart Integration of a Perovskite Solar Cell with a Mesoporous Carbon Double-Layer Capacitor
Berestok, Taisiia; Diestel, Christian; Ortlieb, Niklas; Büttner, Jan; Matthews, Joel; Schulze, Patricia; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph; Glunz, Stefan; Fischer, Anna
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Solarstrom als Pfeiler des Energiewandels
Bett, A.W.
Vortrag
Presentation
2021 Monolithic 2-terminal perovskite silicon tandem solar cells
Schulze, Patricia; Kabakli, Özde Seyma; Bett, Alexander J.; Bivour, Martin; Efinger, Raphael; Fett, Bastian; Hähnel, Angelika; Hagendorf, Christian; Herbig, Bettina; Heydarian, Maryamsadat; Heydarian, Minasadat; King, Hunter; Lange, Stefan; Luderer, Christoph; Meßmer, Christoph Alexander; Naumann, Volker; Penn, Michaela; Romero Sierra, Camila A.; Schubert, Martin; Sittinger, Volker; Tutsch, Leonard; Hermle, Martin; Glunz, Stefan W.; Bett, Andreas W.; Goldschmidt, Jan Christoph
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2021 Quantifying Losses of Perovskite Solar Cells with Carbon-based Back-contacts and Outlining a Roadmap on Boosting their Power Conversion Efficiencies
Bogachuk, D.; Yang, B.; Suo, J.; Martineau, D.; Verma, A.; Narbey, S.; Anaya, M.; Frohna, K.; Müller, D.; Doherty, T.; Zouhair, S.; Herterich, J.; Wagner, L.; Hagfeldt, A.; Würfel, U.; Stranks, S.; Hinsch, A.
Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2021 Electroplated Copper Metal Contacts on Perovskite Solar Cells
Hatt, T.; Kabakli, Ö.; Schulze, P.; Richter, A.; Glunz, S.W.; Glatthaar, M.; Goldschmidt, J.C.; Bartsch, J.
Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
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