Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE

Combined UV and damp heat test

PV modules in a climatic chamber with combined UV and damp heat stresses. At Fraunhofer ISE, PV modules can be tested in a realistic combined UV damp-heat test.

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© Fraunhofer ISE

Outdoor weathering facility for PV modules in the Negev Desert, Israel

Climatic factors which are critical for aging (e.g. ambient temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, UV radiation) are quantified in several outdoor weathering facilities and their effects on PV modules are monitored and investigated.

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© Fraunhofer ISE

UV test chamber with PV module

Our UV test chamber is equipped with different light sources and spectra. In addition, the ambient/module temperature can be controlled during testing. Typical failure mechanisms, like yellowing or different types of snail tracks, are triggered by ultraviolet radiation.

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© Fraunhofer ISE

Humidity freeze test of a PV module

The humidity freeze test (from -40°C to +85°C/+85 %) imposes high thermal stresses on the module, firstly due to the freezing humidity and secondly due to the thermal cycling.

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© Fraunhofer ISE

Analysis of failures and defects

Delamination on the front of a PV module. Production failures, defects caused by transportation, installation and operation can be examined with a variety of analytical methods.

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© Fraunhofer ISE

Service Life and Failure Analysis

Services

Quality and Reliability Tests

Failure Analysis and Analytics

Consulting and
Studies

  • Selection of Components
  • Modeling of Climatic Loads

Outdoor Exposure

 

TestLab PV Modules

We test PV modules according to IEC and European standards for design qualification and type approval.

TestLab PV Modules
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In the field of work “Service Life and Failure Analysis”, we examine the quality and the aging behavior of PV modules as well as their materials and individual components. Throughout our work, we can refer to a large wealth of experience gained in the analysis and evaluation of numerous cases of failures in field operation. In addition, we monitor and examine the aging behavior of PV modules at realistic real time conditions as well as accelerated aging tests. At several outdoor test facilities worldwide, we expose photovoltaic module to determine the correlation between operating data and weathering and to adjust conditions of artificial weathering; we develop procedures to simulate aging mechanisms - like for example so-called “snail trails” - in accelerated aging tests to examine the modules’ sensitivity to specific effects.

In the accredited TestLab PV Modules we perform type-approval tests for photovoltaic modules according to IEC standards as well as customized tests. The synergies which are created through the cooperation of the TestLab PV Modules lead to fast processes of highest quality based on the accreditation according to ISO 17025.

Our many years of experience with module failures in outdoor weathering and accelerated aging tests provide us with a deep understanding of mechanisms and defective material combinations. For tests and analyses, we have the most modern and innovative equipment at our disposal, which we partially developed ourselves for the special application to PV modules.

Selected Research Projects

 

© Robert Bürkle GmbH

GEPARD

High-Throughput Production System and Process Technology for Crystalline Silicon Solar Modules

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© Fraunhofer ISE

SOLAR-TRAIN

PV Module Life Time Forecast and Evaluation

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© Fraunhofer ISE

MOSBIT

Development of characterization methodology for modules and systems applying bifacial PV technology

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Video, Brochure and Flyer: Service Life and Failure Analysis

 

Video: TestLab PV Modules

Brochure: TestLab PV Modules

Flyer: PV Module Certification

Flyer: PID - Analysis and Mitigation

Flyer: UV Testing and Qualification of PV Modules and Materials

Flyer: Failure and Degradation Analysis for PV Modules

Current Publications - Service Life and Failure Analysis:

Jahr
Year		Titel/Autor:in
Title/Author		Publikationstyp
Publication Type
2022 Solar Cell Integrated Moisture Sensor for Photovoltaic Modules
Patel, Jaimin Navin Bhai; Fokuhl, Esther; Prakash, K.S.; Beinert, Andreas; Wesselak, V.; Gebhardt, Paul; Philipp, Daniel		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2022 Life Cycle Assessment of PV Module Repowering
Herceg, Sina; Fischer, Marie; Weiß, Karl-Anders; Schebek, Liselotte		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Influence and mitigation of interference by LID and LETID in damp heat and thermal cycling tests on PV modules
Fokuhl, Esther; Mülhöfer, Georg; Wesselak, Viktor; Mikolajick, Thomas; Philipp, Daniel; Gebhardt, Paul		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 The Influence of Different Degradation Characteristics on the Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Silicon Photovoltaics: A Threefold Analysis
Herceg, Sina; Kaaya, Ismail; Ascencio-Vásquez, Julián; Fischer, Marie; Weiß, Karl-Anders; Schebek, Liselotte		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2022 Accelerated Aging Tests vs Field Performance of PV Modules
Weiß, Karl-Anders; Klimm, Elisabeth; Kaaya, Ismail		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Nanoindentation Reveals Crosslinking Behavior of Solar Encapsulants - The Methodological Advantages over Bulk Methods
Mansour, D.E.; Herzog, C.; Christöfl, P.; Bauermann, L.P.; Oreski, G.; Schuler, A.; Philipp, D.; Gebhardt, P.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 LID and LETID evolution of PV modules during outdoor operation and indoor tests
Fokuhl, E.; Philipp, D.; Mülhöfer, G.; Gebhardt, P.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Statistical analysis of 12 years of standardized accelerated aging in photovoltaic-module certification tests
Gebhardt, P.; Mülhöfer, G.; Roth, A.; Philipp, D.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Optimizing Combined Accelerated Stress Testing for Solar Backsheet Qualification
Gebhardt, P.; Weiss, K.-A.; Markert, J.; Gambogi, W.; Choudhury, K.R.; Yu, B.-L.; Borne, A.; Ernst, S.-J.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2021 Proposal for a Safety Qualification Program for Vehicle-Integrated PV Modules
Markert, J.; Kutter, C.; Newman, B.; Gebhardt, P.; Heinrich, M.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Needs, Challenges and Approaches for New Service Life Estimation Models for PV Modules – Results from IEA-PVPS-Task 13 Subtask 1.4
Weiß, Karl-Anders; Kaaya, Ismail; Oreski, Gernot; Bruckman, Laura S.; French, Roger H.; Tanahashi, Tadanori		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2021 Degradation Mechanisms and Partial Shading of Glass-backsheet and Double-Glass Photovoltaic Modules in Three Climate Zones Determined by Remote Monitoring of Time-series Current-voltage and Power Datastreams
Liu, J.; Wang, M.; Curran, A.J.; Schnabel, E.; Köhl, M.; Braid, J.L.; French, R.H.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2021 Keep cool and distribute stress. A recipe for improved performance
Meijer, S.; Masolin, A.; Beinert, A.		 Vortrag
Presentation
2021 LID and LETID Evolution of PV Modules during Outdoor Operation and Indoor Tests
Fokuhl, E.; Philipp, D.; Mülhöfer, G.; Gebhardt, P.		 Vortrag
Presentation
2020 Monitoring the Moisture Ingress into PV Modules by Measuring Capacitive Characteristics
Fokuhl, E.; Berg, H.; Stecklum, S.; Mansour, D.E.; Philipp, D.; Gebhardt, P.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 PV Backsheet Failure Analysis by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy
Mansour, D.E.; Kotterer, S.; Philipp, D.; Gebhardt, P.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 The Effect of Cell and Module Dimensions on Thermomechanical Stress in PV Modules
Beinert, A.; Romer, P.; Heinrich, M.; Mittag, M.; Aktaa, J.; Neuhaus, D.H.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2020 Enhancing PV Module Thermomechanical Performance and Reliability by an Innovative Mounting Solution
Beinert, A.; Masolin, A.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 Photovoltaic lifetime forecast model based on degradation patterns
Kaaya, I.; Lindig, S.; Weiss, K.-A.; Virtuani, A.; Sidrach de Cardona Ortin, M.; Moser, D.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2020 Enabling the In-Situ Stress and Temperature Measurement by Silicon Solar Cell Integrated Stress and Temperature Sensors for Photovoltaic Modules
Beinert, A.J.; Imm, M.; Benick, J.; Becker, F.; Seitz, S.; Heinrich, M.; Paul, O.; Glunz, S.W.; Aktaa, J.; Eitner, U.; Neuhaus, H.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 Silicon Sensors vs. Pyranometers - Review of Deviations and Conversion of Measured Values
Rivera, M.; Reise, C.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 Scanning Acoustic Microscopy Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Polymeric Components of photovoltaic modules
Mesquita, L.V.; Mansour, D.E.; Gebhardt, P.; Pitta Bauermann, L.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2020 Influence of waste management on the environmental footprint of electricity produced by photovoltaic systems
Herceg, S.; Bautista, S.P.; Weiß, K.-A.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2020 Correlation between EVA Degree of Crosslinking and Moisture Ingress into PV Laminates
Mansour, D.E.; Mitterhofer, S.; Herzog, C.; Fokuhl, E.; Jankovec, M.; Gebhardt, P.; Philipp, D.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 Systemmodellierung und Simulation zur Optimierung der PV-Speisung von Wärmepumpen durch Kurzfristprognosen mit Wolkenkameras
Dittmann, Anna; Villegas Mier, Oscar; Ruf, Holger; Kober, Patrick; Lorenz, Elke; Schmidt, Michael		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2020 More Realistic Consideration of Backsheets Coefficient of Thermal Expansion on Thermomechanics of PV Modules
Romer, P.; Oreski, G.; Beinert, A.J.; Neuhaus, H.; Mittag, M.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2019 Modeling Outdoor Service Lifetime Prediction of PV Modules: Effects of Combined Climatic Stressors on PV Module Power Degradation
Kaaya, Ismail; Köhl, Michael; Mehilli, Amantin-Panos; Cardona Mariano, Sidrach de; Weiß, Karl-Anders		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2019 Post-Processing Thickness Variation of PV Module Materials and its Impact on Temperature, Mechanical Stress and Power
Pfreundt, A.; Yucebas, D.; Beinert, A.J.; Verissimo Mesquita, L.; Pitta Bauermann, L.; Romer, P.; Mittag, M.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2019 Thermomechanical Evaluation of New PV Module Designs by FEM Simulations
Beinert, A.; Romer, P.; Heinrich, M.; Mittag, M.; Aktaa, J.; Neuhaus, D.H.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2019 Data-Driven I-V Feature Extraction for Photovoltaic Modules
Ma, X.; Huang, W.H.; Schnabel, E.; Köhl, M.; Brynjarsdottir, J.; Braid, J.L.; French, R.H.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2019 Accelerated TC Test in Comparison with Standard TC Test for PV Modules with Ribbon, Wire and Shingle Interconnection
Schiller, C.; Rendler, L.C.; Eberlein, D.; Mülhöfer, G.; Kraft, A.; Neuhaus, D.-H.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2019 LeTID - A Comparison of Test Methods on Module Level
Fokuhl, E.; Naeem, T.; Schmid, A.; Gebhardt, P.; Geipel, T.; Philipp, D.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2019 Global climate data processing and mapping of degradation mechanisms and degradation rates of PV modules
Ascencio-Vásquez, Julián; Kaaya, Ismail; Brecl, Kristijan; Weiß, Karl-Anders; Topic, Marko		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2019 Analysis of Shingle Interconnections in Solar Modules by Scanning Acoustic Microscopy
Verissimo Mesquita, L.; Klasen, N.; Fokuhl, E.; Philipp, D.; Pitta Bauermann, L.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2019 Thermochemical Stress in Solar Cells: Contact Pad Modeling and Reliability Analysis
Rendler, L.; Romer, P.; Beinert, A.; Stecklum, S.; Kraft, A.; Eitner, U.; Wiese, S.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2019 Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulant transmittance
Miller, David C.; Bokria, Jayesh G.; Burns, David M.; Fowler, Sean; Gu, Xiaohong; Hacke, Peter L.; Honeker, Christian C.; Kempe, Michael D.; Kohl, Michael; Phillips, Nancy H.; Scott, Kurt P.; Singh, Ashish; Suga, Shigeo; Watanabe, Shin; Zielnik, Allen F.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2018 Review of statistical and analytical degradation models for photovoltaic modules and systems as well as related improvements
Lindig, Sascha; Kaaya, Ismail; Weiß, Karl-Anders; Moser, David; Topic, Marko		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2018 Categorization of weathering stresses for photovoltaic modules
Köhl, M.; Heck, M.; Wiesmeier, S.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2018 Hot-Spot Endurance Test - Modifications for Bifacial Photovoltaic Modules
Philipp, D.; Manuel, H.; Fokuhl, E.; Mülhöfer, G.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2018 Nanoindentation analysis of PV module polymeric components after accelerated aging
Mansour, Djamel Eddine; Swientek, Fabian; Kaaya, Ismail; Philipp, Daniel; Pitta Bauermann, Luciana		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2018 Backsheet Chalking - Theoretical Background and Relation to Backsheet Cracking and Insulation Failures
Gebhardt, P.; Bauermann, Pitta L.; Philipp, D.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2018 Wave-Shaped Wires Soldered on the Finger Grid of Solar Cells: Solder Joint Stability under Thermal Cycling
Rendler, L.; Haryantho, A.P.; Walter, J.; Huyeng, J.; Kraft, A.; Wiese, S.; Eitner, U.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2018 Neue Methoden zur Untersuchung der Zuverlässigkeit von Photovoltaikmodulen
Fokuhl, E.; Philipp, D.; Bauermann, L.P.; Stecklum, S.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2018 Scanning Acoustic Microscopy as a Non-Destructive Method for the Investigation of PV Module Components
Verissimo Mesquita, L.; Mansour, D.E.; Philipp, D.; Pitta Bauermann, L.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
2018 Training the next generation of PV reliability experts - Project SOLAR-TRAIN with 14 PhD projects
Ismail, K.		 Vortrag
Presentation
2017 Qualification of conductive adhesives for photovoltaic application - Accelerated ageing tests
Bauermann, L.P.; Fokuhl, E.; Stecklum, S.; Philipp, D.; Geipel, T.; Kraft, A.; Eitner, U.; Fischer, T.; Breitenbücher, D.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2017 Ribbon interconnection of 6" BC-BJ Solar Cells
Walter, Johann; Rendler, Li Carlos; Halm, Andreas; Mihailetchi, Valentin; Kraft, Achim; Eitner, Ulrich		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2017 Thermomechanical stress analysis of PV module production processes by Raman spectroscopy and FEM simulation
Beinert, A.J.; Romer, P.; Büchler, A.; Haueisen, V.; Aktaa, J.; Eitner, U.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2016 Insights into metastability of photovoltaic materials at the mesoscale through massive I-V analytics
Peshek, T.J.; Fada, J.S.; Hu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Elsaeiti, M.A.; Schnabel, E.; Köhl, M.; French, R.H.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2016 Silver grid finger corrosion on snail track affected PV modules - investigation on degradation products and mechanisms
Duerr, I.; Bierbaum, J.; Metzger, J.; Richter, J.; Philipp, D.		 Zeitschriftenaufsatz
Journal Article
2016 Silver grid finger corrosion on snail track affected PV modules - investigation on degradation products and mechanisms
Dürr, I.; Bierbaum, J.; Metzger, J.; Richter, J.; Philipp, D.; Wirth, H.		 Konferenzbeitrag
Conference Paper
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